ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY DEFINITIONS By: Don McClatchie When designing or repairing electronic circuits that use electromagnetic relays a clear understanding of the important operational parameters of the relay can help you build a better project or help you to determine the reason for a failure. Let’s start with
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION RATING "IP CODE" IP CODE FIRST DIGIT (SOLIDS) SECOND DIGIT (LIQUIDS) IP00 NOT PROTECTED FROM SOLIDS NOT PROTECTED FROM LIQUIDS IP01 NOT PROTECTED FROM SOLIDS PROTECTED FROM CONDENSATION IP02 NOT PROTECTED FROM SOLIDS PROTECTED FROM WATER SPRAY LESS THAN 15 DEGREES FROM VERTICAL IP03 NOT PROTECTED FROM SOLIDS PROTECTED FROM WATER SPRAY LESS THAN 0 DEGREES FROM VERTICAL IP04 NOT
WHEN LED'S ACT LIKE PHOTOCELLS By: Don McClatchie Just about everyone that has played around with electronics knows about the LED (Light Emitting Diode) and everyone can see them in our electronic devices to indicate the condition of things. I remember experimenting
FDNR FILTER DESIGN FORMULAS By: Frank McClatchie The following formulas can be used to convert a normalized low pass filter design to a FDNR configuration that converts two normalized series inductance and one shunt normalized capacitance through the FDNR conversion process to resistors that simulate the same
IDENTIFYING CURB MARKING OR GLYPHS The next time you are out walking on the street, have a look at the sidewalk curbs. You will notice some cryptic markings either painted on the curb or carved into the curb like a Glyph or sometimes markings the on
Battery technology is constantly evolving to yield ever more powerful and compact energy sources. Here is some battery data that has been compiled to help you choose which battery you should use when designing a product that uses batteries. Use this data as a reference
By: Don McClatchie The 50-pair twisted wire color code standard for telephones and other telecommunications is easy to understand when you get to know it. Planning your installation and using the correct pairs in the right order will help you stay organized and let you to
GRAY CODE WHAT IS IT, AND WHERE IS IT USED BY: Don McClatchie Gray Code is employed in many electronic devices that use rotary switches for position encoders. The Gray Code also called “reflected binary code” or (RBC) was named after Bell Labs researcher Frank Gray
Air Core Inductor Winding The Easy Way The following information for winding RF coils is accurate to within 1% for nearly all small air core coils, where: L = Self Inductance in micro-henrys. N = Total number of turns. r = Mean Radius in inches. l = Length of coil in inches. b =
HOW TO BUILD AN AUDIO PAD Audio pads are used to attenuate an audio signal for the purpose of matching required levels between different pieces of equipment. Pads can be built unbalanced or balanced depending on the signal requirements. We will start with the basic unbalanced
